BY & FOR BOY MOMS EVERYWHERE

As a parent of a boy aged 5-10, you might be noticing that your son is struggling with focus, impulse control, and hyperactivity. Maybe someone else at school has already alerted you to his rambunctiousness being a bit more than normal. When you get a diagnosis (or suspicion of a diagnosis) of ADHD in a child this young, you may feel helpless. Are your only options medication?

There are many common signs of ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder), and equally several ways to manage ADHD-medication is often a key part of treatment that also includes therapy and behavioral changes.

But what exactly do ADHD medications do, and how can you make an informed decision for your child?

While I’m no medical doctor, here’s what I’ve learned while researching the topic for my own family. As always, please consult a medical doctor for specifics and none of this is medical advice, just info sharing from one mum to another.

How Do Stimulant Medications Treat ADHD?

Stimulant medications are commonly prescribed treatment for ADHD. They work by increasing the levels of neurotransmitters—chemicals that help transmit signals in the brain—specifically dopamine and norepinephrine. These chemicals play a significant role in focus, attention, and impulse control.

Stimulants can help your son focus and control impulses that may be hard for him to control on his own right now. And while lots of us could use a tool to filter out distractions, these medications can be the only thing that works for some people. Typically they work within 30-60 minutes of taking them. Common stimulant medications available in the United States include methylphenidate (e.g., Ritalin, Concerta) and amphetamine-based drugs (e.g., Adderall, Vyvanse), among others.

How Do Nonstimulants Work to Treat ADHD?

Nonstimulant medications work differently in the brain, targeting different chemicals to improve focus and attention.

The most common nonstimulant medication is atomoxetine (Strattera), which works by increasing levels of norepinephrine. This helps to improve concentration and reduce impulsivity. Also, guanfacine (Intuniv), is another drug often used to treat hyperactivity and impulsivity by affecting the brain’s receptors.

Nonstimulants reportedly take a bit longer to work, often requiring several weeks to see full effects, but some say they tend to have fewer side effects than stimulants.

What Are the Different Types of ADHD Medications?

ADHD medications fall into two main categories: stimulants and nonstimulants. Here’s a breakdown:

• Stimulants: The most common and effective treatment for ADHD.
  • Methylphenidates (e.g., Ritalin, Concerta, Metadate)
  • Amphetamines (e.g., Adderall, Vyvanse, Dexedrine)
• Nonstimulants: These are used if stimulants aren’t effective or cause too many side effects.
  • Atomoxetine (Strattera)
  • Guanfacine (Intuniv)
  • Clonidine (Kapvay)

What Are the Side Effects of ADHD Medication?

While ADHD meds can be highly effective, they may cause side effects that you may not want in your child. Some include:

• Loss of appetite
• Trouble sleeping (insomnia)
• Stomachaches or headaches
• Irritability or mood swings

Nonstimulants can also cause side effects, although they may be less frequent. For example, atomoxetine may lead to:

• Decreased appetite
• Stomach upset
• Sleepiness or fatigue
• Mood swings or irritability

It’s essential to work closely with your doctor to manage any side effects that present themselves.

Guidelines for Taking ADHD Medication

If your son is prescribed ADHD medication, it’s important to follow the doctor’s guidelines for usage. Here are some general tips:

• Take the medication as prescribed: Always give the right dose at the right time. Never adjust the dose without consulting your doctor.
• Regular follow-ups: Regular check-ins with your doctor will help assess whether the medication is working and if adjustments are needed.
• Consistency: Make sure your child takes their medication consistently, especially if it’s a daily medication.

Talking to Your Child About ADHD Medication

Talking to your child about their ADHD diagnosis and treatment choices can be hard. This is especially true if your son is young and doesn’t understand why his curiosity and high-energy is less than desirable.

Involve them in the learning process. Together, try to read online about the options so you both feel more comfortable. Be honest about what the medication does and how it will help them focus and feel more in control. Also, let them know that if it doesn’t work, you won’t be disappointed and you’re committed to trying alternatives-rather than forcing them to stick to medication they don’t like or isn’t working well. Here are a few tips:

• Keep it age-appropriate: Use simple, clear language for younger children.
• Emphasize the benefits: Explain that the medication will help them focus better and make school and activities easier.
• Encourage questions: Let your child ask questions of their doctors and be open to their concerns.

Monitoring ADHD Medication’s Effects on Your Child

Once your child starts taking ADHD medication, your doctor will ask you to observe how they respond. So, mums and dads need to keep track of:

• Changes in behavior: Are they focusing better? Are they less impulsive or hyperactive? (If not, maybe the meds aren’t working)
• Side effects: Note any new side effects or changes in mood or physical health.
• School and social interactions: Monitor how the medication is affecting their performance at school and interactions with peers. Also, let the school nurse and class teachers know that he is on medication that needs to be taken regularly.

Regular communication with teachers and other caregivers can also provide valuable feedback on your child’s progress.

ADHD and Anxiety Disorders

It’s important to note that many children (same for adults) with ADHD also have anxiety disorders. Anxiety symptoms can sometimes mimic ADHD, such as trouble concentrating, restlessness, and irritability. In some cases, treating ADHD with medication can help reduce anxiety symptoms. However, if your child has both ADHD and anxiety, the treatment plan might include medication for both conditions or therapy to help manage anxiety.

Is It Possible for My Son to Live with ADHD Without Medication?

Yes, it is possible for some children with ADHD to manage without medication, especially if the symptoms are mild or manageable with other interventions. Behavioral therapy, lifestyle changes, and strategies like routine-building and social skills training can also help. But, medication often plays a valuable role in managing more severe ADHD symptoms, especially when your son is being called out as unruly or disruptive in school. It’s important to work with your child’s doctor to determine the best treatment plan and to keep his school informed.

How Young Is Too Young to Put My Son on ADHD Medication?

While ADHD medications can be prescribed for children as young as 5 years old, doctors typically start with behavioral therapy first. They may also look into how diet and sleep habits that you control can be managed on your son’s behalf, before resorting to medication. The decision to use medication depends on the severity of the ADHD symptoms and how much they interfere with his daily life. For most young children, the interference isn’t as noticeable or significant enough to merit medication.

Are ADHD Medications Addictive?

When taken as prescribed and under the supervision of a doctor, ADHD medications—especially stimulants—are not generally addictive. However, there is always potential for misuse. This is why it’s important for parents to monitor their child’s medication and ensure they are using it responsibly. This may be a particular concern for boy mums of pre-teens and teens, who may be exposed to others using drugs for recreational purposes.

Nonstimulant medications are lower risk and may be a good option for your son if you’re really worried that he might become addicted to his ADHD medication.